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History of China

History of china has a long run which dates back over to 3 thousand years, ruled by Emperors and their dynasties. The history of china has seen the country under different rules as during 1200 it was annexed by the Mongols from Mongolia and was ruled by Kablai Khan, this period was known as the Yuan Dynasty. Mongols ruled China for several years and by the mid-1300s, the Yuan dynasty gave way to the Ming dynasty. The Ming dynasty was overthrown by the Manchurian troops and the Qing dynasty was established. Finally the country came out of the rule of various dynasties and in the early 1900s, and the Peoples Republic of China was created. China has been under the control of a communist government in the 1930s.

History of china is quite rich which dates back to over 3500 years. China is one of the oldest civilizations of the world, which still exists today. The history of china can be headed under the following periods:

 
The First Opium War
The First Opium War started out in 1840 when Britain persevered for the illegal opium trade in the territories of China whereas the China banned this narcotic drug. With China losing the war, Britain and other Western powers with the United States gained special commercial privileges over the country. According to the Treaty of Nanking, 1842, Hong Kong was handed to Britain and when the Opium Wars finally came to an end in 1898, Britain brought about a 99-year lease of the New Territories substantially enlarging the Hong Kong region.

Establishment of ‘People's Republic of China’
And important landmark in the history of china took place on October 1, 1949 with the establishment of the ‘People's Republic of China’ being certified in Beijing. A new political and economic regime was instated, built on the pattern of Soviet society. During 1950s the government initiated upon a remarkable economic and social indemnification. Steps were taken to control inflation, patching-up the economy and reconstructing the war-damaged industrial plants and regions. During all this process the government gained a tremendous support from its people.

Communism Society Started shaking
During the early 1960s State President Liu Shaoqi and his party General Secretary Deng Xiaoping took over the control and took on realistic economic policies, which conflicted with Mao's vision. Dissatisfied with the new developments Mao launched a massive political attack on Liu, Deng and other pragmatists in 1966. The new movement, the "Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution”, was aimed at gathering opposition against ruling leaders.

Beijing citizens headed a demonstration in Tiananmen Square in Zhou's memory with strong political importance in support of Deng. The demonstration was forcibly suppressed by the commanders. Deng was condemned for the disorder and thrown out of all official positions although he retained his party membership.

The country came into the strong grip of the great political and social revolution, which lasted for almost a decade.

 Development of the Economy in 1980’s
In 1980 the reformist Sichuan party chief Zhao Ziyang and as party General Secretary took over the charge. The reform policies brought great improvements in the standard of living especially for urban workers and for farmers. Literature and the arts blossomed and Chinese intellectuals established extensive links with scholars in other countries. At the same time however political dissent as well as social problems such as inflation urban migration and prostitution emerged.

Chinese Students Protest
In 1989 the china history witnessed a large number of growing economic hardship caused by high inflation which set the ground for a large-scale protest movement by student’s scholars in and other parts of a disaffected urban population. University students and other citizens in Beijing camped out at Tiananmen Square to protest against those who slowed reform. Protests also spread to many other cities including Shanghai and Guangzhou. It saw Martial law being declared on May 20 1989, and military units being deployed in Beijing. Protesters were suppressed cruelly, and it was believed that casualties numbered in the hundreds.

This act was condemned by the entire world which expressed shock at the brutal suppression of the demonstrators. The central government abolished the opposition, took in custody large numbers of protesters and urged for required political re-education not only for students but also for party cadre and government officials.

China’s Rule in the New World
After the death of Deng in 1997, President Jiang Zemin and other members slowly took over control of the day-to-day functions of government. This "third generation" leadership governed collectively with President Jiang at the center. In 2003, Hu Jintao replaced Jiang as the President.

Communist China is gradually reaching to the outside world. Amendments of state industries have been recognized as a topmost preference of the government and as a result massive scale privatization of unavailing state-owned endeavor are coming into being.

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